River Pebble (Likely Chert or Fine-Grained Sandstone/Quartzite)

Siliciclastic clast (likely Chert or Quartzarenite/Quartzite pebble)

Sedimentary

Chalcedony or Chert/Jasper with secondary mineral staining

SiO2 (for chalcedony/quartz) with possible secondary copper minerals (e.g., CuSiO3·nH2O for chrysocolla, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 for malachite) or iron oxides/hydroxides.

Mineral, potentially a rock with chalcedony/jasper.

Agate

Agate (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO₂)

Mineral

Coal (most likely Bituminous or Anthracite)

Bituminous Coal (Grade of Coal), Anthracite (Grade of Coal)

Sedimentary Rock

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Mineral

Biotite Schist

Metamorphic

Fuchsite Quartzite

Fuchsite-bearing Quartzite

Metamorphic

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily composed of SiO O₂)

Sedimentary Rock

Mixed Gemstone Bracelet

Mixed natural minerals and rocks (e.g., Rhodonite, Malachite, Sodalite, Rose Quartz, Black Tourmaline, Quartz/Chalcedony variants)

Mineral/Rock assemblage

Mixed Chalcedony and Jasper Bracelet (possibly 'Ocean Jasper' or similar banded variety for brown beads, and blue/grey Chalcedony for the translucent beads)

Chalcedony (SiO2), Jasper (SiO2 with impurities)

Mineral (specifically a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz)

Corundum

Corundum (Al2O3)

Mineral

Quartz (likely Rose Quartz or Milky Quartz based on color)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Mineral

Micaceous Rock (likely Muscovite Schist/Gneiss or a Muscovite-rich Specimen)

Predominantly Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2), often found in rocks like Muscovite Schist or Muscovite Gneiss.

Metamorphic, Mineral (within a rock type)

Terracotta (Man-made ceramic brick fragment)

Baked clay / High-iron ceramic (Silicate-based ceramic)

Anthropogenic material (Man-made sedimentary mimic)

Garnet (likely Almandine, Pyrope, or a blend)

Garnet group minerals: X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X and Y represent various metal ions (e.g., Almandine: Fe3Al2(SiO4)3, Pyrope: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3)

Mineral

Chalcedony

Chalcedony (SiO₂)

Mineral

Apatite

Apatite group mineral (e.g., Fluorapatite - Ca5(PO4)3F, Chlorapatite - Ca5(PO4)3Cl, Hydroxylapatite - Ca5(PO4)3(OH))

mineral

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-based organic sedimentary rock exposed to metamorphic heat/pressure; Chemical composition is approximately 86%–98% Carbon)

metamorphic

Caliche (also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar)

Primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), often mixed with other minerals like quartz, clay minerals, and iron oxides.

Mineral

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

igneous

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

mineral

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Mineral

Laterite

Laterite (primarily composed of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminum)

Sedimentary Rock (as a residual soil/rock, it's often considered a type of sedimentary rock due to its formation from weathering, though it can cross into soil science)

Lapis Lazuli (blue bead) and Moss Agate (green heart)

Lapis Lazuli (lazurite-based rock) and Moss Agate (SiO2 with manganese/iron inclusions)

metamorphic (Lapis) and sedimentary/igneous assoc. (Moss Agate)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Sedimentary rock

Quartz / Quartzite Fragment

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic (mineral-based)

Banded Metamorphic Rock (likely Quartzite or Serpentinite/Soapstone)

Metamorphic Rock (possibly a banded Quartzite or a foliated Serpentinite/Talc Schist based on appearance, general term for such a rock is 'Banded Metamorphic Rock' or 'Gneiss' if pronounced banding of different minerals)

Metamorphic