Sedimentary (Or Mineraloid)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

André's Landing Rock (Sandstone Boulder)

Newark Supergroup Sandstone (likely Stockton Formation)

Chert (Jasper/Agate variety)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Mookaite Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chert/Jasper

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint or Jasper)

Chert (Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silica, SiO2)

Banded Chert (Flint)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chalk

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Pyrite in Shale

Iron Disulfide (FeS2) in Argillaceous Shale

Chert (and Flint variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Yellow/Tan variety)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Limonite Concretion (Ironstone)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) with Goethite and Hematite

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Permineralized Vertebrate Bone (Hydrox yapatite replaced by Silica or Calcite)

Septarian Nodule

Septarian Concretion (Complex of Calcite, Aragonite, and Limestone/Mudstone)

Chert (also known as Flint or Common Chalcedony)

Cryptocrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Black Chert / Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ferruginous Sandstone (Gozzan-like)

Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with FeO(OH) inclusions)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Bored Siltstone (Holey Rock)

Siltstone with Pholad borings (Lithophaga/Pholadidae trace fossils)

Jasper or Chert with Quartz Vugs

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Orthoceratid Fossil in Limestone

Orthoceras (extinct genus of Nautiloid Cephalopod)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily composed of SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)

Chert (Flint/Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (Quartz, Chalcedony, or Opal)

Red Jasper (Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Chert (with Limestone/Dolomite host)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Shale

Fissile Mudstone (primarily composed of clay minerals and quartz grains)

Sandstone (likely Fossiliferous)

Arenite / Fossiliferous Sandstone (SiO2 composition)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Quartz (likely Jasper or Chert variety)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Pyrite

Iron Pyrite (FeS2)

Chert

Chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Ironstone concretion / Limonitic Sandstone

Goethite/Hematite Cemented Sandstone (Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Ferruginous Sandstone (Ironstone)

Sedimentary rock with high iron oxide content (Fe2O3 / FeO(OH))

Greenstone (Greywacke or Nephrite Jade variant)

Metamorphosed mafic igneous or sedimentary rock (e.g., Actinolite-Chlorite Schist)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon based)

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper (Aplitic Rock)

Ironstone Concretion (Limonite/Goethite)

Ironstone (primarily FeO(OH)·nH2O)