Sedimentary And Metamorphic Minerals

Jasper and Aquamarine (likely)

Jasper (Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)), Aquamarine (Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18))

Native Sulfur

Sulfur (S8)

Botryoidal Goethite on Quartz

Goethite (α-Fe3+O(OH)) on Quartz (SiO2)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium) - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Chert (and Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Staurolite (Fairy Cross)

Staurolite (Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH))

Concrete

Anthropogenic Sedimentary Rock (Hydrated Calcium Silicate)

Moonstone

Adularia (orthoclase) or Albite (plagioclase), a feldspar mineral (KAlSi3O8 or NaAlSi3O8 respectively, often a mixture)

Bumblebee Jasper

Fossiliferous Calcite containing Orpiment and Realgar

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2 permineralization)

Chert Pebble (Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Agatized Chert)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (and its variety Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz

Chert (varietal Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Fossil Coral (Rugosa or Solitary Coral)

Rugosa (Order), often referred to as 'Horn Coral' (Lithostrotionella or Grewingkia)

Orthoceras Fossil in Limestone

Orthoceras regulare (Class Cephalopoda; Order Orthocerida)

Picture Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with mineral inclusions

Fossil Coral (Petoskey Stone or Favosites)

Favosites (specifically Hexagonaria percarinata if silica-replaced Michigan type)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (with Iron Oxide / Hematite staining)

Gastropod Steinkern (Fossil Snail Internal Mold)

Class Gastropoda (Internal Mold)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (principally Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Moqui Marble (Shaman Stone)

Ironstone Concretion (Fe2O3) - primarily Hematite or Goethite shell with Sandstone core

Moqui Marble (Shaman Stone)

Iron Oxide Concretion (Hematite/Goethite shell with Sandstone core)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (with Iron Oxide pigmentation)

Yellow Aventurine

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2) with inclusions of Mica

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Garnet Schist

Almandine-Garnet Mica Schist

Tumbled Moonstone

Feldspar (Orthoclase/Albite), KAlSi3O8

Gossan (Iron Hat) with Quartz and Chlorite

Limonite/Goethite-rich Gossan (FeO(OH)·nH2O) with inclusions of Quartz and Chlorite

Vesicular Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (Sandstone)

Garnet (likely Pyrope or Almandine)

Garnet Group (complex nesosilicate minerals, e.g., Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3, Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4)3, Spessartine Mn3Al2(SiO4)3, Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)3, Andradite Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3, Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3). The vivid red color in the image strongly suggests Pyrope or Almandine.

Fossilized Wood (with Coal and Limonite)

Petrified Wood (Silicified or Carbonized Flora)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Petrified Wood (Agatized/Silicified Wood)

Silicified Wood / Chalcedony (SiO2)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily Quartz with Iron Oxide coating)

Garnet (Red Garnet)

Garnet Group. The red varieties seen in jewelry are typically Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3), Pyrope (Mg3Al2(SiO4)3), or a mix of the two (pyrope-almandine series).

Chert (variant Flint/Jasper)

Microcrystalline Opaline Silica (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper-bearing)

Microcrystalline silica (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Jasper (Green Jasper/Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Limonite Pseudomorph after Pyrite

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) replacing Pyrite (FeS2)