Sedimentary Rock (Altered)

Sandstone, Quartzite, and River Pebbles

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) based Sedimentary/Metamorphic structures

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Iron-stained River Cobble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Granite Gneiss

Gneiss (derived from granitic protolith)

Pumice

Pumice (volcanic rock)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Asphalt (Bituminous Pavement Bit)

Bitumen-bound aggregate (Petrochemical-bound composite)

White Quartz

Quartz (SiO2)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert Pebble (Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Rock Salt / Halite Crust

Halite (Sodium Chloride, NaCl)

Chert (or possibly Flint)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Jasper, possibly Brecciated Jasper or Ocean Jasper due to patterns and color

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), a variety of Chalcedony

Red Jasper

Jasper (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO₂)

Banded Iron Formation

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily composed of SiO O₂)

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily aragonite, with conchiolin)

Quartzite

Quartzite

Banded Gneiss (with possible weathered sulfide or iron staining)

Gneiss, potentially with iron oxide/hydroxide staining (e.g., limonite) or weathered sulfides

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal Fragments)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Thunderegg (Agate-filled Geode Node)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with various inclusions

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety, likely a orthogneiss or paragneiss depending on parent rock)

Chert (Flint)

SiO2 (predominantly microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz)

River Rock (Quartz-dominated)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) mixture with varied clastic sediments

Asphalt (Road Aggregate)

Asphalt concrete / Bituminous mixture

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (general term for sandstone)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Marble

Marble (primarily Calcite, CaCO3 or Dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2)

Quartz (likely Yellow/Orange variety, possibly Citrine or Chalcedony with iron staining)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Pebble (likely Quartzite or Chert)

Clastic Sediment, potentially composed of SiO₂ (Quartz)

Graphite-veined Quartzite

Meta-sedimentary Quartzite with Carbonaceous/Graphitic Inclusions (SiO2 + C)

Red Jasper (beads)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Chalk

Calcareous Ooze (composed primarily of coccoliths)

Coal (most likely Bituminous or Anthracite)

Bituminous Coal (Grade of Coal), Anthracite (Grade of Coal)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation

Coal (most likely Bituminous or Anthracite)

Coal (primarily composed of carbon with varying amounts of other elements)

Cherry Creek Jasper (also known as Red Creek Jasper or Cherry Creek Agate)

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Ocean Jasper (Orbicular Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Jasper River Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)