Rock & Mineral Encyclopedia

Search and identify 1,000+ rocks, minerals, crystals, and gemstones — with properties, formation, colors, hardness, and how to tell them apart.

Onyx

A banded variety of chalcedony quartz, classically black or black-and-white, long favored for cameos and beads.

A solid jet-black chalcedony, usually a dyed and treated agate, prized for sleek polished beads, cabochons, and intaglios.

Translucent banded calcium-carbonate stone deposited in caves and springs, prized for ornamental carvings despite its softness.

A banded chalcedony combining reddish-brown sard with white or black onyx layers, prized since antiquity for carved cameos.

A deep black variety of banded chalcedony, often closely related to or treated like onyx, used for jewelry and carvings.

A banded, porous limestone deposited by mineral springs, prized as a warm-toned natural building and tile stone.

The classic agate defined by concentric or parallel bands of chalcedony in varied colors, the archetype of all agate varieties.

A banded chalcedony with straight, ribbon-like parallel layers, often cut across the bands for striking striped cabochons.

A green ornamental stone, often serpentine-rich marble or verde antique, valued for its rich green color and white veining.

A waxy, translucent microcrystalline form of quartz that serves as the parent group for agate, jasper, carnelian, and onyx.