igneous
Vesicular Basalt
Basalt
Hardness: 6-7. Color: Dark gray to black, often with brownish oxidation spots. Luster: Dull/earthy. Structure: Vesicular (contains air bubble holes). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6-7
- Color
- Dark gray to black, often with brownish oxidation spots
- Luster
- Dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7. Color: Dark gray to black, often with brownish oxidation spots. Luster: Dull/earthy. Structure: Vesicular (contains air bubble holes). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava exposed at or very near the surface of Earth. The holes (vesicles) are created by trapped gas escaping during solidification.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as road base, concrete aggregate, and railroad ballast. Frequently used in landscaping and as a natural pumice substitute for skin exfoliation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found extensively on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its dark color, fine-grained texture, and characteristic small holes or pits. Commonly found in volcanic regions, oceanic crust, and plate boundaries.
