igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic igneous rock (SiO2 rich)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (gray, white, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific gravity: 2.6-2.7
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper (gray, white, black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (gray, white, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific gravity: 2.6-2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a major component of continental crust, often dating back hundreds of millions to billions of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is the primary rock of the world's mountain ranges and continental plates. It is one of the hardest and most durable substances on Earth, making it a favorite for architectural use.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking coarse crystals of quartz (clear/gray), feldspar (white/pink), and mica (shiny black/silver). Found worldwide in mountain belts and shield areas.
