igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper look with pink (feldspar), white/clear (quartz), and black (biotite/hornblende). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: Varies by mineral component.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper look with pink (feldspar), white/clear (quartz), and black (biotite/hornblende). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: Varies by mineral component.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock found in continental crust and often dates back millions to billions of years, formed in cooling chambers known as batholiths.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base and concrete.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. It makes up the core of many mountain ranges like the Rockies and the Sierras. It is extremely durable and resistant to weathering.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'mosaic' of visible crystals. It won't scratch with a steel knife and doesn't fizz with acid. Common in glaciated areas as river pebbles or in mountainous outcrops.
