igneous
Basalt Scoria
Aphanitic Vesicular Basalt
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Dark grey to black. Luster: Dull/Earthy. Structure: Vesicular (filled with small holes or gas bubbles). Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0.
- Hardness
- 5-6 Mohs
- Color
- Dark grey to black
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Dark grey to black. Luster: Dull/Earthy. Structure: Vesicular (filled with small holes or gas bubbles). Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava. The holes (vesicles) are created by trapped gas bubbles escaping as the lava solidifies near the earth surface.
Uses & applications
Used in landscaping, high-temperature insulation (rock wool), road construction aggregates, and as an abrasive in stone-washing processes.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found in large quantities on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight compared to pumice, and characteristic holes. Commonly found in volcanic fields, islands like Hawaii, or tectonic plate boundaries.
