igneous
Vesicular Basalt (Lava Rock)
Basalt
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark grey to black; Luster: Dull/earthy; Structure: Vesicular (gas-pitting); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Dark grey to black
- Luster
- Dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark grey to black; Luster: Dull/earthy; Structure: Vesicular (gas-pitting); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or a moon.
Uses & applications
Used in landscaping (mulch), gas grills, construction aggregate, and as a natural abrasive in foot files or industrial scrubbing applications.
Geological facts
The vesicles (holes) in the rock are caused by gas bubbles being trapped in the lava as it cools. Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, high density (for its size), and characteristic swiss-cheese like pits. Commonly found in volcanic regions like Hawaii or the Pacific Northwest.
