igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-rich Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Tan, pink, and gray with white quartz grains. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent (feldspar has two directions). Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, pink, and gray with white quartz grains
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Tan, pink, and gray with white quartz grains. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent (feldspar has two directions). Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is typical of continental crust and can be billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction, bridge building, paving, monuments, and as kitchen countertops/flooring due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found at Earth's surface and makes up a large part of the continental crust. El Capitan in Yosemite is one of the world's most famous granite monoliths.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking granular texture where individual mineral grains (crystal) are visible to the naked eye. Look for a mix of glassy quartz, opaque feldspar, and dark specks of mica or hornblende.
