igneous
Vesicular Basalt with Mineral Inclusions
Vesicular Basalt
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark grey to charcoal with patches of tan/white/pink secondary minerals; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained) with visible vesicles and porphyritic inclusions; Specific gravity: 2.8-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6 (Mohs scale)
- Luster
- Dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark grey to charcoal with patches of tan/white/pink secondary minerals; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained) with visible vesicles and porphyritic inclusions; Specific gravity: 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at or very near the Earth's surface. The holes (vesicles) were formed by escaping gas bubbles during solidification. Secondary mineral precipitation (zeolites or quartz) often fills these voids over time.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as aggregate in construction, road base, and decorative landscaping. Some vesicular varieties are used as scouring stones (pumice-like) or for filtration.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found extensively on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight (high density), and presence of small holes or pitted surface. Commonly found in volcanic regions, along coastal areas with volcanic history, and in riverbed deposits.
