igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper look with pink/orange feldspar, white/clear quartz, and black mica. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals). Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper look with pink/orange feldspar, white/clear quartz, and black mica. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals). Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (plutonic). Found in continental crust and mountain ranges, often dating back hundreds of millions to billions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, monuments, and curbing due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest natural stones and has been used in architecture since Ancient Egypt (e.g., the Red Pyramid).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its coarse-grained texture and the presence of quartz (glassy appearance) and feldspar (blocky, opaque). Common in batholiths and mountain cores. Check for lack of layering to distinguish from gneiss.
