igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Plutonic Rock (primarily SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Gray, salt-and-pepper, or tan; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Improper (breaks poorly); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Gray, salt-and-pepper, or tan
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Gray, salt-and-pepper, or tan; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Improper (breaks poorly); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface. These rocks are found in continental crust and can range from millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Majorly used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a significant portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable substances on Earth, which is why it has been used in ancient Egyptian architecture like the Red Pyramid.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking mineral crystals including translucent quartz, milky feldspar, and dark specks of mica or hornblende. It is found globally in mountainous and shield regions.
