igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: Dependent on mineral constituents; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: Dependent on mineral constituents; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). They occur in continental crust and are often billions of years old in cratonic shields.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and monuments. Also popular as crushed stone and as decorative aggregate.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest natural stones and has been used in construction since Ancient Egypt, notably in the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' or mottled appearance with visible interlocking crystals. It is found globally in mountain ranges and eroded shield areas. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or rare colors.
