igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, reddish, and white; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: None (though minerals within like feldspar have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, reddish, and white
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, reddish, and white; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: None (though minerals within like feldspar have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of silica-rich magma deep underground (plutonic). This process allows large crystals to grow. Most granites date from the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith in South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' or multi-colored speckled appearance and visible interlocking crystals. It is commonly found in mountain ranges and continental shields.
