mineral
Agate (Carnelian Agate with Quartz Matrix)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Mohs hardness 6.5-7, translucent to opaque, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline quartz aggregate, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity 2.58-2.64, reddish-orange to white in color.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 6.5-7, translucent to opaque, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline quartz aggregate, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity 2.58-2.64, reddish-orange to white in color.
Formation & geological history
Formed as secondary mineral deposits within cavities of volcanic igneous rocks or sedimentary rock formations through hydrothermal precipitation of silica-rich fluids.
Uses & applications
Used in lapidary arts, ornamental carving, tumbling, jewelry making (beads, cabochons), and as collector mineral specimens.
Geological facts
Agate is a banded variety of chalcedony. Carnelian agates get their warm orange and red colors from fine iron oxide inclusions within the silica matrix.
Field identification & locations
Look for microcrystalline hardness (scratches glass), waxy luster, and contrasting reddish-brown carnelian rind surrounding a lighter quartz/chalcedony interior. Commonly found in gravel beds, basalt pockets, and alluvial river deposits worldwide.
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