mineral
Agate in Matrix
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) within host rock
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: White, blueish-grey, and reddish-brown matrix. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony). Cleavage: None, exhibits conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 2.60-2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- White, blueish-grey, and reddish-brown matrix
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: White, blueish-grey, and reddish-brown matrix. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony). Cleavage: None, exhibits conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 2.60-2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the deposition of silica from groundwater solutions in the cavities of igneous or sedimentary rocks, often originating in volcanic gas bubbles or fissures over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used in ornamental objects, jewelry, specimen collecting, and lapidary arts.
Geological facts
Agate is a diverse variety of chalcedony. The colorful banding or filling inside the rock represents successive layers of silica deposition inside a hollow cavity.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its hardness (scratches glass), waxy luster, and smooth conchoidal fracture of the exposed silica center. Commonly found in regions with past volcanic activity.
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