mineral
Amethyst Cluster
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness 7 on Mohs scale, vitreous luster, hexagonal (trigonal) crystal system, conchoidal fracture, purple to pale violet tips with clear/white quartz base.
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Physical properties
Hardness 7 on Mohs scale, vitreous luster, hexagonal (trigonal) crystal system, conchoidal fracture, purple to pale violet tips with clear/white quartz base.
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins and basalt geode cavities where silica-rich fluids crystallized under heat and pressure with iron radiation color centers.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in mineral collections, ornamental displays, jewelry, and metaphysical practices.
Geological facts
The distinctive purple color of amethyst comes from trace amounts of iron (Fe3+) incorporated into the crystal lattice, subjected to natural irradiation. It was historically considered as precious as diamond.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its hexagonal crystal points, purple color zoning, and hardness (scratches glass). Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Thunder Bay, Canada.
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