mineral
Amethyst
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)
Mohs hardness of 7; color ranges from pale lilac to deep purple; vitreous (glass-like) luster; trigonal crystal system; no true cleavage, exhibits conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of 2.65.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 7; color ranges from pale lilac to deep purple; vitreous (glass-like) luster; trigonal crystal system; no true cleavage, exhibits conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed within gas cavities (vesicles) in basaltic volcanic rocks, or as linings in hydrothermal veins, where silica-rich solutions deposit crystals over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a gemstone in jewelry, for ornamental carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
The purple color is caused by irradiation, iron impurities, and the presence of trace elements. Ancient Greeks believed amethyst could prevent intoxication.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its distinct purple color and crystal cluster habit. Commonly sourced from Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and the United States.
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