mineral
Amethyst
Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, purple to violet color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, purple to violet color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins and gas cavities (vesicles) in volcanic rocks, where silica-rich solutions cool and crystallize over long geological periods.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and as a popular collector's mineral specimen.
Geological facts
Amethyst was historically considered one of the cardinal gemstones, alongside diamond, ruby, sapphire, and emerald, until large deposits were found in Brazil.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its distinct purple coloration and quartz crystal form; commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and the United States.
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