sedimentary

Anthracite

Anthracite Coal (Carbon)

Hardness: 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs scale, Color: Jet black to iron-black with a strong metallic luster, Streak: Black, Fracture: Subconchoidal to uneven, Specific Gravity: 1.3 to 1.4

Hardness: 2

Identified August 6, 2026More sedimentary →

Explore Anthracite in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs scale, Color: Jet black to iron-black with a strong metallic luster, Streak: Black, Fracture: Subconchoidal to uneven, Specific Gravity: 1.3 to 1.4

Formation & geological history

Formed from compressed organic plant matter subjected to increased temperature and pressure over millions of years (metamorphosis of bituminous coal), commonly dating from the Carboniferous period.

Uses & applications

Used primarily for residential and commercial space heating, water filtration, and as a carbon source in various industrial processes.

Geological facts

Anthracite is the highest rank of coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon (often over 86-97%) and the lowest amount of impurities, burning cleaner with less soot than other coal types.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive metallic luster, black color, lack of the dullness seen in bituminous coal, and a clean feel that doesn't easily smudge fingers. Found in regions with folded mountain belts, such as the Anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania.