mineral
Aquamarine
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with trace Iron (Fe2+)
Hardness: 7.5 to 8 (Mohs); Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Pale blue to greenish-blue
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5 to 8 (Mohs); Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80
Formation & geological history
Typically found in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks (schists). Usually formed in the later stages of magma cooling where rare elements like Beryllium are concentrated. Some deposits date back millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary use as a gemstone in jewelry. Also used as a collector specimen and as an ore of Beryllium for aerospace and nuclear industries.
Geological facts
The name comes from the Latin word 'aqua marina' meaning sea water. Sailors used to carry it for protection on the sea. The largest gem-quality specimen was found in Brazil, weighing 110 kg.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its pale blue hue, high hardness (scratches glass/quartz), and lack of cleavage. Common in Brazil, Madagascar, Pakistan, and the United States (Colorado).
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