igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (pink, gray, white, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals); Composition: Quartz, Feldspar, Mica (Biotite/Muscovite).
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper (pink, gray, white, black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (pink, gray, white, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals); Composition: Quartz, Feldspar, Mica (Biotite/Muscovite).
Formation & geological history
Granite forms from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a coarse-grained plutonic rock found in large masses called batholiths. It forms over millions of years and is common in continental crust from various geological eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, countertops, monuments, paving stones, and as crushed stone for road base and railroad ballast. Highly valued in architecture for its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest substances in the world. It is the signature rock of the continental crust, while basalt is the signature rock of the oceanic crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its coarse-grained interlocking crystals and lack of foliation. Commonly found in mountainous regions or where ancient basement rock has been exposed. It is the most ubiquitous intrusive igneous rock on the continents.
