igneous
Basalt Pebble
Mafic Extrusive Igneous Rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic texture with microscopic crystals, and dull to sub-metallic luster.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic texture with microscopic crystals, and dull to sub-metallic luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium- and iron-rich lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as crushed aggregate, railroad ballast, and dimension stone for buildings.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and also makes up extensive volcanic plains on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, fine-grained texture, and high density. Commonly found in riverbeds, beaches, and volcanic regions worldwide.
