igneous
Basalt Pebble
Extrusive Igneous Rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark green to black color, dull luster, aphanitic crystal structure, specific gravity around 2.9.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark green to black color, dull luster, aphanitic crystal structure, specific gravity around 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava flows rich in iron and magnesium exposed at or near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as crushed aggregate, railroad ballast, and in the manufacturing of rock wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and is also found abundantly on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its fine-grained, dark-colored matrix and weathered rounded shape from water transport; commonly found in riverbeds and beaches worldwide.
