igneous
Basalt (Vesicular)
Extrusive igneous rock with vesicular texture
Hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black in color, dull luster, aphanitic to glassy crystal structure with distinct vesicular (gas bubble) holes, specific gravity around 2.8-3.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black in color, dull luster, aphanitic to glassy crystal structure with distinct vesicular (gas bubble) holes, specific gravity around 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity, gas-rich basaltic lava erupted on or near the Earth's surface. The holes (vesicles) are created by trapped gas bubbles that escaped as the lava solidified.
Uses & applications
Used in construction, as aggregate in concrete, road base, landscaping, BBQ grill stones, and occasionally in abrasive personal care products like pumice stones (though vesicular basalt is coarser).
Geological facts
Vesicular basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crustal portions of the ocean basins and forms much of the oceanic crust. It is also found extensively on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified in the field by its dark color, fine-grained or glassy texture, and characteristic sponge-like holes (vesicles). Found worldwide near volcanic regions and ancient lava flows.
