igneous
Basalt with Iron Staining
Extrusive igneous rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 5-6 on Mohs scale, dark gray to brown color with reddish-brown oxidation spots, dull luster, aphanitic to vesicular texture.
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Physical properties
Hardness 5-6 on Mohs scale, dark gray to brown color with reddish-brown oxidation spots, dull luster, aphanitic to vesicular texture.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium- and iron-rich lava flows at the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Used in construction, aggregate for concrete, road base, and landscaping materials.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust beneath the oceans and also forms extensive continental flood basalts.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its fine-grained matrix, vesicles (gas holes), and dark coloration, frequently found near volcanic regions.
