igneous
Basalt with Quartz/Plagioclase Inclusions
Mafic volcanic rock (Basaltic)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: dark grey to black matrix with creamy white inclusions; Luster: Dull/earthy for matrix, vitreous for inclusions; Structure: Aphanitic with phenocrysts.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- dark grey to black matrix with creamy white inclusions
- Luster
- Dull/earthy for matrix, vitreous for inclusions
Identified More igneous →
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: dark grey to black matrix with creamy white inclusions; Luster: Dull/earthy for matrix, vitreous for inclusions; Structure: Aphanitic with phenocrysts.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at or near the Earth's surface. The lighter inclusions suggest phenocrysts or amygdules filled with later mineral growth.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as crushed stone for asphalt, road base, and concrete aggregate; also used for lithotherapy and stone carving.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its fine-grained dark matrix and heavy weight. Look for dark, dense outcrops in volcanic regions or ocean floor samples.
