igneous
Basalt
Basalt
Hardness: 6 (Mohs); Color: Dark gray, black, or greenish-black; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained); Specific gravity: 2.8-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Dark gray, black, or greenish-black
- Luster
- Dull to sub-metallic
Identified More igneous →
Explore Basalt in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Hardness: 6 (Mohs); Color: Dark gray, black, or greenish-black; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained); Specific gravity: 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or a moon. This specimen appears weathered or vesiculated.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for aggregate, road base, railroad ballast, and floor tiles. It is also used as raw material for stone wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also common on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its dark color, heavy weight (relative to size), and fine-grained texture. Commonly found in volcanic fields, oceanic ridges, and plateau provinces.
