igneous
Basalt
Extrusive Igneous Rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic texture with a dull luster, and specific gravity around 2.9.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic texture with a dull luster, and specific gravity around 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity basaltic lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as crushed aggregate, road base, and in the production of stone wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust underlying the world's ocean basins and forming major volcanic features like the Hawaiian Islands.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its dark, fine-grained appearance, often vesicular due to trapped gas bubbles, and occurrence in volcanic regions.
