igneous
Basalt
Extrusive Igneous Rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic texture, specific gravity of 2.8-3.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic texture, specific gravity of 2.8-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in iron and magnesium exposed at or near the surface.
Uses & applications
Used in construction, aggregate for concrete, road base, and manufacturing of stone wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust beneath the oceans and also forms massive geological formations like the Columbia River Basalts and the Giant's Causeway.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark, fine-grained matrix and vesicular cavities created by trapped gas bubbles. Found worldwide in volcanic regions.
