igneous
Basalt
Extrusive igneous rock primarily composed of plagioclase and pyroxene
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, submetallic to dull luster, aphanitic crystal structure.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, submetallic to dull luster, aphanitic crystal structure.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity basaltic lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as crushed stone for aggregate, road base, and in the production of rock wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and also forms extensive continental flood basalts.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, fine-grained texture, and high density; common in volcanic regions worldwide.
