igneous
Basalt
Extrusive Igneous Rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically dark gray to black in color, with an aphanitic or fine-grained texture and dull to submetallic luster.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically dark gray to black in color, with an aphanitic or fine-grained texture and dull to submetallic luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity basaltic lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as crushed stone for road bases, concrete aggregate, and in the production of stone wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and also makes up extensive volcanic formations on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its dark color, fine-grained matrix, and heavy density; found abundantly in volcanic regions worldwide.
