igneous
Basalt
Mafic extrusive igneous rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic to porphyritic texture, and dull luster.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic to porphyritic texture, and dull luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity, magnesium- and iron-rich lava flows at the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as crushed aggregate, railroad ballast, and dimension stone.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and also forms extensive continental flood basalts.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its dark, fine-grained appearance; found abundantly in volcanic regions worldwide.
