igneous
Basalt
Extrusive Igneous Rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically dark gray to black in color, with an aphanitic or fine-grained texture and dull to submetallic luster.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically dark gray to black in color, with an aphanitic or fine-grained texture and dull to submetallic luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity basaltic lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as crushed aggregate for roads, railroad ballast, and in the production of rock wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust underlying the world's oceans and is also prevalent on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its dark, fine-grained appearance and heavy weight; commonly found in oceanic crust and volcanic regions worldwide.
