igneous
Basalt
Extrusive igneous rock primarily composed of plagioclase and pyroxene
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic (fine-grained) texture, and dull luster.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, dark gray to black color, aphanitic (fine-grained) texture, and dull luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity basaltic lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as crushed stone for road bases, concrete aggregate, and in the manufacturing of rock wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust underlying the world's ocean basins and forms famous formations like the Giant's Causeway.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its dark color, heavy weight, and fine-grained matrix; commonly found in volcanic regions and oceanic crusts worldwide.
