igneous
Basalt
Extrusive igneous rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically dark gray to black in color, with an aphanitic or fine-grained texture and dull luster.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically dark gray to black in color, with an aphanitic or fine-grained texture and dull luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, crushed stone for road bases, concrete aggregate, and manufacturing of rock wool insulation.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and also makes up extensive volcanic formations on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark, fine-grained appearance and heavy density; found worldwide in volcanic regions, oceanic islands, and flood basalt provinces.
