mineral
Bismuth Crystal
Bismuth (Bi)
Mohs hardness of 2.25, iridescent rainbow colors due to a thin oxide layer, metallic luster, rhombohedral crystal system, specific gravity of 9.78.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 2.25, iridescent rainbow colors due to a thin oxide layer, metallic luster, rhombohedral crystal system, specific gravity of 9.78.
Formation & geological history
Formed artificially through the laboratory or industrial crystallization of purified molten bismuth metal, creating characteristic hopper crystals.
Uses & applications
Popular among mineral collectors, used in low-melting-point alloys, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Geological facts
Although native bismuth occurs naturally, the stunning iridescent hopper crystal structures seen here are grown in labs by cooling molten bismuth.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its stair-step, hopper crystal geometry and vibrant rainbow iridescence.
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