mineral

Bismuth crystal

Bismuth (Bi), artificially crystallized

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically iridescent metallic silver, blue, purple, and gold with stepped hopper crystals; Mohs hardness 2–2.5, metallic luster, orthorhombic crystal structure, poor cleavage, and specific gravity about 9.8. The rainbow oxide film is surface coating, not the natural crystal color.

Identified August 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Usually produced by melting and slowly cooling refined bismuth, so it is a human-processed mineral specimen rather than a naturally formed rock; natural bismuth occurs in hydrothermal veins associated with tin, tungsten, and lead ores.

Uses & applications

Primarily used for collecting, display, and novelty jewelry; bismuth alloys have applications in fusible metals, pharmaceuticals, pigments, and lead-free manufacturing.

Geological facts

Its branching, stair-stepped form results from hopper growth, where crystal edges grow faster than central surfaces. The iridescence develops when the surface oxidizes.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its lightweight-for-metal feel, brittle texture, stepped geometric form, and intense iridescence; avoid heat, acids, and abrasion because it melts at about 271°C and scratches easily. Common commercial specimens come from laboratory production, especially China.