sedimentary

Bituminous Coal

Coal (Organically derived sedimentary rock)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 1.5-2.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Jet black to dark brown. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Fracture: Blocky to conchoidal. Density: ~1.1-1.4 g/cm3.

Hardness: 1
Color: Jet black to dark brown
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified July 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 1.5-2.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Jet black to dark brown. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Fracture: Blocky to conchoidal. Density: ~1.1-1.4 g/cm3.

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and burial of plant debris in swampy wetland environments over tens to hundreds of millions of years (frequently Carboniferous period). Heat and pressure drive off water and gases, concentrating carbon.

Uses & applications

Primary source of energy generation (electricity production), production of coke for steelmaking, and various chemical byproducts.

Geological facts

Coal is classified by rank depending on carbon content and heat output, ranging from lignite (lowest) to anthracite (highest). Bituminous coal is the most abundant type mined worldwide.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its lightweight nature, black streak, low hardness, and blocky fracture lines. Commonly found in major coal basins in eastern and central North America, Europe, Australia, and China.