mineral
Black Tourmaline
Schorl (NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4)
Hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, black to dark brown color, vitreous to submetallic luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with indistinct cleavage, specific gravity of 3.0 to 3.2.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, black to dark brown color, vitreous to submetallic luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with indistinct cleavage, specific gravity of 3.0 to 3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed through pegmatitic processes, hydrothermal activity, and in metamorphic rocks like schists and gneisses. Geological age varies widely depending on the host rock formation.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry, metaphysical and crystal healing practices, as well as industrial applications due to its piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties.
Geological facts
Black tourmaline, or schorl, accounts for about 95% of all tourmaline in nature. It is well known for its strong electrical properties and deep black opaque appearance.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic triangular cross-section (when in raw crystal form) and striated prismatic faces, high hardness, and lack of good cleavage. Found worldwide, particularly in Brazil, Pakistan, and the United States.
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