mineral

Blue-green turquoise-bearing rock

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Likely turquoise in a pale brown/white host matrix, showing sky-blue to green color and waxy-to-dull luster. Turquoise has Mohs hardness 5–6, cryptocrystalline structure, no prominent cleavage, and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9.

Identified September 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized zones of copper deposits when phosphate-bearing groundwater alters aluminum-rich rock. Deposits are geologically young relative to their host rocks, commonly Cenozoic to older hydrothermal systems.

Uses & applications

Used as a cabochon, bead, carving, and ornamental stone; historically important in jewelry and cultural objects. Matrix-rich pieces are commonly sold as specimens rather than high-end gems.

Geological facts

Turquoise color reflects copper, while iron can shift it toward green; matrix consists of the surrounding host rock. The specimen could also be a related blue-green mineral such as chrysocolla, which requires testing for certainty.

Field identification & locations

Identify turquoise by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, and porous/waxy surface; common localities include Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Mexico, and Chile. Avoid prolonged oils, chemicals, and water, which can damage treated material.