Rock Identifier
Botryoidal chalcedony (agate/geode fragment) (Chalcedony, microcrystalline SiO₂; likely quartz with minor iron-oxide and carbonate inclusions) — mineral
mineral

Botryoidal chalcedony (agate/geode fragment)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline SiO₂; likely quartz with minor iron-oxide and carbonate inclusions

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent gray-brown to honey color, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline quartz, no cleavage, specific gravity about 2.6. Rounded botryoidal growths and druzy crystalline patches are visible.

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Physical properties

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent gray-brown to honey color, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline quartz, no cleavage, specific gravity about 2.6. Rounded botryoidal growths and druzy crystalline patches are visible.

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities, fractures, or vesicles in volcanic rock and precipitates in successive layers; iron impurities create the brown coloration. The specimen’s precise geological age and locality cannot be determined from the image.

Uses & applications

Used as a lapidary and ornamental stone, in carvings, cabochons, polished specimens, and occasionally industrial silica products.

Geological facts

Botryoidal texture means grape-like rounded surfaces produced by radiating microscopic quartz fibers; later cavities may develop sparkling druzy quartz.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its waxy translucence, conchoidal fracture, rounded layered texture, and hardness sufficient to scratch ordinary glass; common sources include Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, India, and the western United States.