mineral

Botryoidal hematite-goethite iron-oxide specimen

Hematite (Fe₂O₃) with goethite (FeO(OH)), likely coating quartz or iron-rich matrix

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Dark red-brown to black, earthy-to-submetallic luster, irregular botryoidal and drusy texture; hematite hardness 5–6.5, goethite 5–5.5, generally no obvious cleavage. A red-brown streak strongly supports hematite; specific gravity is commonly about 4–5.

Identified September 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when iron-bearing groundwater oxidizes and precipitates iron oxides and hydroxides in cavities, fractures, or weathered zones; specimens may be geologically young surface products or older hydrothermal deposits.

Uses & applications

Used chiefly as an iron ore and pigment; attractive pieces are collected, though this rough specimen is not typically jewelry grade.

Geological facts

The red coloration comes from finely divided iron oxides, while black metallic patches may be hematite or manganese oxides. Botryoidal surfaces develop as successive coatings grow around small cavities or nuclei.

Field identification & locations

Common in oxidized iron deposits, caves, volcanic cavities, and weathered mineral veins worldwide, especially Brazil, Morocco, Michigan, and the southwestern United States. Test streak on unglazed porcelain and use a magnet cautiously; hematite usually is weakly magnetic, whereas magnetite is strongly magnetic.