mineral

Botryoidal hematite (ironstone)

Hematite, Fe₂O₃

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 5–6.5 Mohs; steel-gray to black, metallic to submetallic luster, commonly botryoidal or kidney-shaped with uneven fracture and no prominent cleavage. The heavy, dense appearance and dark metallic surfaces fit hematite, though a photo cannot exclude magnetite or slag.

Identified August 30, 2026More mineral →

Explore Botryoidal hematite (ironstone) in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms through oxidation and precipitation of iron in sedimentary, hydrothermal, and weathering environments; major deposits range from Precambrian banded iron formations to younger secondary cavities. Common localities include Brazil, Australia, the United States, England, and Morocco.

Uses & applications

Used chiefly as an iron ore and pigment; attractive botryoidal specimens are collected and occasionally used in jewelry. Value is primarily aesthetic and specimen-dependent.

Geological facts

Hematite streak is diagnostic: reddish-brown to red, even when the specimen appears black. It is usually weakly magnetic or nonmagnetic, unlike strongly magnetic magnetite.

Field identification & locations

Look for exceptional heft, metallic gray-black botryoidal surfaces, and a red-brown streak on unglazed porcelain; a magnet test helps distinguish magnetite. Common specimens generally sell for $10–$60, while large, lustrous display pieces may bring $100–$500+.