mineral
Botryoidal hematite (ironstone)
Hematite, α-Fe₂O₃, likely with goethite and iron-rich matrix
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 5–6.5 Mohs; reddish-brown to steel-gray, dull to submetallic luster, earthy/botryoidal texture, and no prominent cleavage. Hematite typically leaves a distinctive red to reddish-brown streak and has specific gravity around 5.0–5.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness 5–6.5 Mohs; reddish-brown to steel-gray, dull to submetallic luster, earthy/botryoidal texture, and no prominent cleavage. Hematite typically leaves a distinctive red to reddish-brown streak and has specific gravity around 5.0–5.3.
Formation & geological history
Forms by oxidation and precipitation of iron in hydrothermal veins, weathering zones, banded iron formations, and sedimentary iron deposits; specimens may range from Precambrian to recent weathering products.
Uses & applications
Used as an iron ore, pigment, polishing powder, and occasionally as a cabochon or collector specimen; this rough piece has modest commercial value.
Geological facts
The name derives from the Greek haima, “blood,” referring to its red streak. Botryoidal hematite commonly develops rounded kidney-like surfaces through colloidal or groundwater deposition.
Field identification & locations
Look for its heavy feel, earthy metallic appearance, and red streak; it is commonly found in Brazil, Australia, the United States, England, and South Africa. Similar brown material may be goethite-rich limonite, so streak and density are useful tests.
