mineral

Botryoidal Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs. Color: Rusty brown to reddish-black. Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (often appearing in rounded, grape-like clusters known as botryoidal habit). Streak: Distinctive cherry-red to reddish-brown.

Hardness: 5
Color: Rusty brown to reddish-black
Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy

Identified July 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals or precipitation from hydrothermal fluids. The botryoidal form typically occurs in sedimentary iron ore beds or as a secondary mineral in oxidation zones of mineral deposits.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; also used as a pigment (ochre), in jewelry (polishing to a metallic luster), and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. Its name is derived from the Greek word 'haimatitis', meaning blood-like, due to the red color of its streak and powdered form. It is also found in abundance on Mars, giving the 'Red Planet' its color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high specific gravity and red streak (scratching it against a porcelain plate). Common in places like the Lake Superior district (USA), Brazil, and Australia. Collectors look for the smooth, bubbly 'kidney ore' surfaces.