mineral
Brown chalcedony (likely carnelian)
Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); iron-stained brown variety
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTranslucent to opaque brown-orange with a waxy luster and irregular fracture; Mohs hardness 6.5–7, trigonal quartz structure, no distinct cleavage. The photo alone cannot confirm whether it is carnelian or another iron-colored chalcedony.
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Physical properties
Translucent to opaque brown-orange with a waxy luster and irregular fracture; Mohs hardness 6.5–7, trigonal quartz structure, no distinct cleavage. The photo alone cannot confirm whether it is carnelian or another iron-colored chalcedony.
Formation & geological history
Silica-rich fluids deposited microcrystalline quartz in rock cavities and fractures; iron oxides impart the warm color. Chalcedony occurs in many geological ages and settings.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and ornamental objects; also collected as a rough specimen.
Geological facts
Chalcedony is composed of quartz crystals too small to distinguish readily without magnification; its color may be uneven or banded.
Field identification & locations
Look for a waxy surface, translucency at thin edges, and hardness sufficient to scratch glass; commonly found in volcanic cavities, veins, and alluvial gravels. Similar-looking glass or resin cannot be ruled out from the image alone.
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