mineral
Brown iron-rich rock, likely limonite/goethite-bearing stone
Limonite (hydrated iron oxides; commonly goethite, FeO(OH), with hematite)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectBrown to golden-brown, earthy to submetallic luster, granular and irregular; typically Mohs hardness 4–5.5, no consistent crystal form or cleavage, and relatively high specific gravity around 3.3–4.3.
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Physical properties
Brown to golden-brown, earthy to submetallic luster, granular and irregular; typically Mohs hardness 4–5.5, no consistent crystal form or cleavage, and relatively high specific gravity around 3.3–4.3.
Formation & geological history
Forms through oxidation and weathering of iron-bearing minerals, commonly as soil concretions, gossan, or cavity coatings; generally a young surficial product, though it may overprint rocks of any geological age.
Uses & applications
Used historically as an iron ore and pigment (yellow ochre to brown umber); attractive specimens are collected, but this rough piece has little commercial value.
Geological facts
Limonite is a field and trade term rather than a single precisely defined mineral species; its color comes from hydrated iron oxides and it commonly leaves a yellow-brown streak.
Field identification & locations
Likely identification is supported by the rusty brown color, earthy texture, and heavy appearance; test its yellow-brown streak and compare density. Common in weathered iron deposits worldwide, including mining districts and lateritic soils.
